Cement mix



106. COMPOSITIONS,

9 COATING 0R PLASTIC.

n Patented Aug. 15, 1939 Examine This invention relates to hydrauliccements, mortars and the like, and particularly to means to increase thefluidity of a cement or mortar mix, so that the fluidity of a mixcontaining a given 5 amount of water will be substantially increased, orso that the amount of water required for a CEMENT MIX Edward wfisci iprr J15, Shaker Heights, Ohio, assignor to The Master Builders Company,Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Original applicationNovember 6,

1934, Serial No. 751,747. Divided and this application January 9, 1939,Serial No. 249,883

8 Claims. (01. 106-27) not highly unsaturated eiiective. When usinghowever, soluble or dispersable in water and are As to the pyroligneousacid and the yrogallic acid these aci sa e in 55! 5 of the weight of thecement are highly 5 e proportio waste sul hite liquor it mix of a givendegree of fluidity or plasticity has been found that one-HEB pint to oneand will be substantially reduced, the present application being adivision of my copending applica- 10 tion Serial No. 751,747, filedNovember 6, 1934. It is well known that the properties of concreteone-half pints per standard sack of. ent rovide the desirable quantityof fluidit i ingredients for the mix. It is to be understood 10 that thepercentages just mentioned are those 1ncreasing are influenced by theamount of water employed which have been found desirable, but quantitieseither more or less may The mix is prepared be very useful in increasingthe fluidity of the cement mix.

in the usual manner, ex-

cept for the addition of the plasticizing agent.

readily, and can be worked satisfactorily, but it The completed mix,because of the presence of the has been found that the water content ofthe mix plasticizing agent, is much more fluid and flows should be keptas low as possible as the strength more readily than a similar mixprepared with employed in the mix.

A further object of the invention is to provide the same quantity ofplasticizing agent.

increased density, and preventing segregation mix water, but without the20 Because of the greater fluidity, the mix is more readily workable, isof is more cohesive, thereby of the aggregates of the Because of theincrease in the fluidity of the means to produce a concrete mix having agiven mix, which is produced by the plasticizing agent degree offluidity, while employing a substantially provided by my invention, itis possible to reduce smaller quantity of water than has heretofore beenrequired to secure this degree of fluidity.

Another object of the invention is to provide produce a mix having theamount of water employed in a mix and still a satisfactory degree of 30fluidity so as to be workable, and this reduction an improved concretewhich can be worked easily in the amount of water produces a concrete ofincreased strength and density. This also makes possible the use ofleaner mixtures, that is, mixtures having relatively smaller amounts ofce ment than usually employed. This results in a stronger than thosesubstantial saving and produces a concrete which shrinks less than thoseproduced by the mixes now employed, while the concrete is as strong orprepared without the plasticizing agent provided by my invention.

An advantageous plasticizing and indurating composition for addition tobatches of mortar,

Other objects of the invention and features of hydraulic cement and thelike in the process of the invention will be apparent from the followingdescription.

tained from wood, such as yroligneous acid,

yrogallic acid and glfiricizing agents in mixing may be made byincorporating the 45 plasticizing agent in agelatinousjnorganic colloidi1iCiO 8 .C l(i,lSlliClg acid inous inorganic colloid combing.

s group have e The plasticizing and of ferric hydroxide, ferroushydfoxid'faluminooiihe like? The 'gelat adds to the plasticity of themix and tends to make the concrete or mortar more cohesive, preventingsegregation or honeyindurating mixture to be property of materiallylowering the surface tenmixed with the cement or mortar may contain a 55sion of water, but they may not foam. They are, finely divided,inorganic, inert solid, such as 55 diatomaceous earth, talc, pumicite,or the like, in order to supply a fine material to the mix, which servesto fill voids in the finished product. Such fine materials tend tostifien the mix, so that more water is required to obtain the sameflowability as in mixes lacking the fine material. By utilizing theplasticizing agent in a mix with the fine materials, a lowerwater-cement ratio may be maintained.

In some instances it is advantageous to mix the plasticizing agent witha pozzuolanic material, such as volcanic ash trass or reactive silicaeither in dry form or as a gelatinous co o1 Pozzuolanic materials havethe prop-.

erty of combining with free lime in the cement or, separa y e cement,forming additional cementitious compounds and retarding corrosion of theconcrete. Pozzuolanic materials, when added to a concrete mix,ordinarily necessitate a substantial increase in the water-cement ratioand tend to weaken the concrete and increase shrinkage. However, whenadded together with the plasticizing agent above described, thewater-cement ratio may be kept low and the ad- 5 vantages of thepozzuolanic material may be obtained without the disadvantagesconsequent upon an increase in the water-cement ratio.

A concrete or mortar mix in which w ll}; rticles replace a portion orall of the sand is commomy applied to the surface of mortar or concretebefore it has set in order to make the concrete or mortar morewear-resistant and more impermeable. It has been diflicult to introducesuch a metallic aggregate as a dry shake and to work it into the surfaceproperly without the use of excess water, which promotes crazing,checking and shrinkage.

By mixing the plasticizing agent of the present invention with themetallic aggregate, much less water is required, the application to themortar or concrete is facilitated, and the difliculties heretoforeexperienced are eliminated. With a suitable electrolyte, such as calciumchloride, to promote oxidation in the cas o 5 mggregate, the mixture ofplasticizing agent and metallic aggregate may be used integrally in thecement mix, because the increase in volume of the metallic particles onpartial or complete conversion to oxide fills the voids, neutralizes thetendency of the mortar to contract during hardening, and may even bemade to cause a slight expansion.

Such waterproofing materials as stearates or stearic acid may be addedto theme aste sufliciently mobile to mix homogeneously with the mortaror concrete. The plasticizing agent, waste sulphite liquor, or the like,alone, or with an inorganic colloid in combination, may beadvantageously mixed with the 0 stearate or stearic acid, making itpossible to have a greater percentage of stearate in a mixture havingsuflicient fluidity to mix easily with the mortar or concrete.

The action of the plasticizing and indurating compositions hereindescribed is not affected by the presence of an accelerator, which issometimes used.

The plasticizing agent may be added to the concrete or mortar at thetime of mixing, or it may be combined with the aggregate or cement whichis to be used in the mix, or it may be added to the water with which themix is tempered.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided a plasticizingagent which can be readily added to concrete mixes, and whichsubstantially increases the fluidity or fiowability of the mix over thatof a similar mix prepared without this agent. It will be seen, also,that because of the increased flowability produced by the plasticizingagent provided by my invention, the quantity of water employed in themix can be substantially reduced, thereby providing a. superiorconcrete, while additional aggregates may be added to the mix without itbecoming 10 necessary to increase the water content of the mix to anunsatisfactory degree, as has heretofore been required.

Furthermore, it is to be understood that the particular compoundsdisclosed, and the pro- 15 cedure set forth, are presented for purposesof explanation and illustration, and that various equivalents can beused and modifications of said procedure can be made without departingfrom my invention as defined in the appended claims. 20

What I claim is:

l. A mortar or cement mix containing the ingredients of waste sulphiteliquor in substantially the proportion provided by the addition to themix of from one-half pint to one and one-half 25 pints of waste sulphiteliquor per sack of cement.

2. A concrete comprising a mixture of hydraulic cement and aggregate,and containing the ingredients of waste sulphite liquor in substantiallythe proportion provided by the addi- 30 tion to the mix of from one-halfpint to one and one-half pints of waste sulphite liquor per sack ofcement.

3. A mortar or cement containing an organic gelatinous colloid and theingredients of waste 35 sulphite liquor in substantially the proportionprovided by the addition to the mix of from onehalf pint to one andone-half pints of waste sulphite liquor per sack of cement.

4. As an intermediate product, plastic cement 40 concrete containinghydraulic cement and the water soluble constituents of waste sulphiteliquor, which render the cement particles mutually repellant in theaqueous medium of a suitable concrete mix, thereby increasing the 5number of discrete particles therein for hydration, said plasticconcrete possessing high workability and producing structural concretesof commercially acceptable compressive strengths by virtue of thepresence therein of the constitu- 50 cuts of waste sulphite liquor.

5. As an intermediate product, plastic cement concrete containinghydraulic cement and possessing high workability, and producingstructural concrete of commercially acceptable com- 55 pressivestrengths by virtue of the presence therein of the water solubleconstituents of waste sulphite liquor, which increase the number ofdiscrete particles available for hydration by dispersing the individualcement particles 0 throughout the aqueous mass.

6. As an intermediate product, a plastic cement mix comprising hydrauliccement having mixed therewith the water soluble constituents of wastesulphite liquor, and having the physi- 5 cal characteristics that whenin an aqueous medium the particles disperse substantially completely,producing high workability, and, upon hydration, produce commerciallyacceptable compressive strengths. 70

7. A dry cement having materially increased workability in the wet stateand producing structural concretes of normal compressive strengthscomprising hydraulic cement and the water soluble constituents of wastesulphite liquor, 75

106. COMPOSITIONS, e: COATING OR PLASTIC. Exam which increase the numberof discrete particles available for hydration by dispersing theindividual cement particles throughout the aqueous mass.

8. As a new article of manufacture, a dry cement comprising hydrauliccement having mixed therewith the water soluble constituents of wastetion, produce commercially acceptable compres- 5 sive strengths.

EDWARD W. SCRIPTURE, JR.

